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II. GEOGRAPHY
MANAOAG, a four-century old municipality of the Province of Pangasinan is located at 120°27' to 120°32' longitude and 15°59' to 16°05' latitude. The municipality is strategically located at the central part of the Province of Pangasinan. It is bounded on the North by the Municipality of Pozorrubio; on the South by the first class City of Urdaneta; on the East by the Municipality of Laoac; and on the West by the towns of San Jacinto and Mapandan. Dagupan City about 20 kilometers road distance west of the town where some of the Regional Government Offices and prestigious schools and universities are found. It is almost 40 kilometers road distance from Lingayen, the province capital town. It is about 60 kilometers south of San Fernando, La Union, the seat of Regional Offices for Region I; around 65 kilometers southwest of Baguio, the summer capital of the country; about 12 kilometers north of Urdaneta City, the commercial center of Eastern Pangasinan; and about 205 kilometers north of Manila.
As per data obtained from the Bureau of Lands, Land Management Service, Regional Office, San Fernando, La Union the total land area is around 5,716.24 hectares, which is about 1.06% of the provincial land area of 536,818 hectares. Pugaro is the biggest among the 26 barangays in terms of land area with 724.80 hectares or 12.68% to the total land area and Licsi is the smallest in land area.
URBAN AREA Poblacion and Calaocan which constitute the urban area has comprise an aggregate land area of 175.80 hectares which is 3.08% of the total municipal land area constitute the rural land area which is divided among twenty-four (24) rural barangays.
RURAL LAND AREA A total land area of 5,540.44 hectares which is about 96.92% of the total municipal land area constitute the rural land area which is divided among twenty four (24) rural barangays.
ELEVATION
The southern portion of the municipality's terrain is generally flat had an average elevation of 10 meters above sea level while the northern portion consisting of Barangay Pugaro, Babasit, Lipit Sur, Sapang and portion of Calaocan, the terrain slowly begin to rise wih the highest elevation of 51 meters above sea level.
SLOPE
About 4,536.865 hectares or 79.37% of the entire municipal land area can be categorized as level with 0% to 3%; 1,179.375 hectares or 20.63% consist of hilly with slopes ranging from 3% to 8% where you can find the highest portion of the town. DRAINAGE AND SURFACE WATER
Manaoag is cris-crossed by two major rivers, the Aloragat River and Angalacan River. The Angalacan River traverse Manaoag through Pozorrubio traversing the barangays of Lipit Norte, Lipit Sur, Pao, Sapang, Calaocan, Tebuel, Licsi, Pantal, Babasit, Bisal, Bucao and Baritao.The Aloragat River will enter Manaoag from Laoac and traversing the barangays of Nalsian, Pantal, Oraan West, Cabanbanan, Mermer, San Ramon and joining the Angalacan River at barangay Baritao and passing together going to the municipality of Mapandan.
CLIMATE TYPE
Manaoag has a climate type that belongs to Type I, i.e. with two distinct seasons, the wet and the dry seasons. The dry season lasts for six months. It begins in November until April, the month of March to April the days are relatively hot. The rest of the months, May to October, constitute the rainy or wet season. However, for the past few years, it has become more and more evident that the dry season is actually longer than the wet season. In all probability, this is the offshoot of the disturbed ecological balance as a direct result of the indiscriminate cutting of trees that adversely affected existing watersheds.
TEMPERATURE
The maximum average temperature of the municipality is 31.96%, which is considered moderately hot; the hottest temperature is recorded in the month of April with average maximum temperature of 34.5°c. The average minimum temperature is 24.12°c, and the coldest month of the year is the month of January with an average minimum temperature of 22.1°c.
RAINFALL
The average rainfall of Manaoag is 161.87 millimeters. July was recorded to have the highest rainfall of 908.8 millimeters, while March registered the lowest rainfall, it was almost zero. Resultantly, March was the driest month of the year.
HUMIDITY
The municipality has an average humidity of 83.12%. The highest relative humidity is 91.54% was recorded during the month of July, and the lowest is 76.7% registered during the month of March.
PREVAILING WIND DIRECTIONS
The prevailing wind directions which most affect the municipality came from the southwest and have the common behavior of going northwest, then finally westward to the China Sea. Those winds are most prevailed during the months of June, July, August, September and the month of October.
TYPHOONS AND FLOOD OCCURENCES
For the past five (5) years (1990-1994), Manaoag was visited by typhoons of varying storm signal numbers and intensity. Typhoons for the year 1990-1994 visited Manaoag with more than 60 typhoons and tropical depressions. These typhoons brought havoc to agricultural crops because floods follow that mandated all the flood-prone areas of the municipality. They resulted to the drowning of some people and even destruction of several houses, fruit trees and the erosion of lands along the river banks.
TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
The topography of Manaoag has much to do with its climate. Its generally hot temperature is mainly due to its elevation and pre-dominantly flat terrain and hilly contours.
San Manuel Slit Loam
San Manuel Slit Loam occupies an area of 5,321.82 hectares or 93.10% of the municipal land area. This is found to the barangays of Lipit Norte, Lipit Sur, Sapang, Pao, Tebuel, Nalsian, Licsi, Bucao, Pantal, Cabanbanan, Oraan East, Oraan West, Matulong, Baguinay, Sta. Ines, Lelemaan and Inamotan.
Bantog Clay Loam
Bantog Clay Loam occupies 268.66 hectares or 4.7% found in the following barangays of Babasit, Bisal, Baritao, Pantal, San Ramon, Oraan West, Orran East, Parian and Matulong.
San Fabian Clay Loam
San Fabian Clay loam occupies 125.76 hectares or 2.2% found in the following barangays of Pugaro, Lipit Sur, Poblacion, Babasit, Sapang and Calaocan.
The areas of natural hazards are the barangays along the riverbanks. Such hazards are the flooding and/or erosion of rivers/riverbanks due to heavy rains during the rainy season. However, the root cause of the river swelling is the denudation of forest and the main effects of flooding is the lost of houses and even lives in some cases.
Man-made hazards within the municipality is that caused by the Hind Sugar Central and Poultry Farms, this falls under pollutive establishments. However, liquid waste diverted to creek and rivers endangered aquatic lives. Air pollution is most common effects to the adjacent barangays. Aside from Hind Sugar Central, the mine tailings of the Benguet Mining Firm, also one of the factor of the heavy siltation of river bed.
The first census conducted within the municipality in 1903, a population of 16,793 was recorded. This population steadily increased from year to year to 22,279 in 1918; 29,030 in 1919; 34,304 in 1948; 41,164 in 1970; 48, 450 in 1975; but experience abrupt decrease in 1980 by 11,708 as a result of the separation of Laoac in 1980 to form the new town of Laoac pursuant to Batas Pambansa Blg. 18 and R.A. 6485. This left the town of Manaoag with a population of only 36,742 or roughly 65.62% to the total population.
In 1990, the town registered a total population of 45,339. This registered an increase of 8,597 compared to the population in 1980. This increase and represent an annual average growth rate of 2.17%; 2.01%; 1.08%; -4.8% and 2.34% respectively.
In 1995, the town registered a total population of 49,705. In 2000 NCSO, the town registered a total population of 54,743. This registered an increase of 5,038 compared to the 1995 Census of Population.
7.1 Urban/Rural Population Distribution
Based on the 2000 Census year, 7,409 of the municipal population stayed within the urban area and the rest of 47,334 are evenly dispersed among the 24 rural barangays.
7.2 POPULATION DENSITY
MUNICIPAL - with municipal population of 54,743 based on the 2000 census and a total land area of 5,716.24 hectares, the municipality in general has a population density of 9.58 persons per hectare.
URBAN - The metro area of the town which is composed of Poblacion and Calaocan has an aggregate land area of 175.68 hectares. With its population of 7,409 a population density of 42.17 persons per hectare.
RURAL – In 2000, 24 barangays comprising the rural areas had a total population of 47,334 over a land area of 5,540.56 hectares, a population density of 8.54 persons per hectare.
7.3 AGE/SEX GROUP
BROAD AGE GROUP – Based on the 1995 census, population of 6,245 belonged to the 10-14 group; 5,420 belonged to the 15-19 age group; 4,360 belonged to 20-24 age group; 3,682 included in the 25-29 age group; 3,286 belonged in the 30-34 range of age group; 2,889 belonged to 35-39 age group; 2,365 persons belonged to 40-44 age group; 2,090 persons belonged 45-49 age group; while 1,577 persons belonged to 50-54 age group;1,287 persons belonged to 55-59 age group; 1,048 persons included in the 60-64 age group; 766 persons included in the 65-69 age group; 713 persons belonged to 70-74 age group; 422 persons belonged also to 75-79 age group; 311 persons belonged to 80-84 age group; and 213 persons belonged in the 85 and over age group.
SEX RATIO – The 1995 population of the municipality of 49,705, the males 25,129 and 24,576 were females, the males outnumbered the females by 553. NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS – Based on the 2000 census, Manaoag registered a total of 10,563 households in which 1,405 or 13.30% are in the urban area while 9,958 or 86.7% are in the rural areas. The average household size of the municipality in general is 5.5 persons per households. Poblacion registered the greatest number of households with 1,070 while Parian registered the smallest number of households with only 53.
MOTHER TONGUE/LANGUAGE SPOKEN – As of 1995, based on the data provided by NCSO Pangasinan was the mother tongue of the locality as there were 59.19% speaking the dialect. Ilocano was spoken by 37.33% of the total population while Tagalog was spoken by 3.01% of the entire population.
MARITAL STATUS – Based on the 2000 National Statistics Office survey results a total of 18,574 persons were single; 18,958 persons were married; 2,090 persons were widowed; 315 persons were either divorced/separated and 1,087 persons were Common-Law/Live-in and 290 persons were not stated.
ECONOMIC SECTOR/AGRICULTURE
LAND AREA – Manaoag is predominantly an agricultural community of 26 barangays with a total land area of 5,716 .24 hectares wherein about 3.056 hectares are utilized as croplands. Irrigated rice lands consists of 1,121 hectares or 36.68% of 3,056 hectares, 1,139 hectares are lowlands rainfed areas and about 796 hectares are uplands.
CROP TYPES – most usually, the whole of the 3,056 hectares devoted to agriculture are planted to rice during the first cropping covering the period of June to September. During the second cropping covering the period from October to January only the irrigated area of 1,121 hectares are planted with rice, the rainfed and upland areas are planted to different crops notably corn, tobacco, peanuts, root crops and many other.
EXISTING/POTENTIAL IRRIGATION FACILITIES – The Angalacan and Aloragat River is the potential source of any additional irrigation facility, together with the numerous creeks within the municipality.
PRODUCTION – In 1995, the average rice yields per hectares was 5.0 metric tons in the irrigated areas; 3.98 metric tons in the rainfed areas; and 3.0 metric tons in the upland areas. The total production of all these areas in 1995 was 11.880 metric tons or 11,880,000 kilos. This production has a total peso value of roughly P142, 560,000.00 for main/first cropping while in the second cropping the total production was 4,439.00 metric tons or 4,439,000 kilos with a total peso value of P53, 268,000.00.
LAND USE – The existing general land use in the municipality as follows:
Urban (Poblacion & Calaocan) - 175.8000 has. (3.07%) Residential - 267.2600 has. (4.68%) Agricultural - 4,997.3401 has. (87.42%) Commercial - 0.1500 has. (0.01%) Institutional - 31.9460 has. (0.56%) Agro-Industrial - 8.568276 has. (0.15%) Bodies of Water - 81.3750 has. (1.42%) Special Use - 2.851724 has. (0.05%) Road Right-of-Way - 102.6360 has. (1.79%) Industrial - 48.1129 has. (0.84%) Garbage Dump - 0.2000 has. (0.01%)
GENERAL LAND USE PLAN – The general land use plan refers to the whole municipality.
A. Agricultural Area – The present agricultural lands of 4,997.34 hectares only 3.056 hectares is devoted to croplands or productive agricultural lands, the difference of lands/orchard lands which in these study still fall under the agricultural lands.
As being envisioned that Manaoag will become an industrialized municipality as being manifested in the Provincial Land Use Plan, the present agricultural lands of 4,997.34 hectares shall be decreased by about 22.11% to 3,892.3233 hectares an allocation for future industrial uses and shall be fully developed with the introduction of modern methods of farm production and support facilities congruent to agricultural production.
B. Residential – With a projected increase in population, which will require an allocation for shelter, some open spaces have to be converted to residential use, hence residential use shall occupy 282.60 hectares.
Institutional – the institutional area shall be remained to 31.946 hectares with existing facilities being retained and improved.
Agro- Industrial - shall occupy 8.5682 hectares with existing facilities being retained and be provided by proper pollution gadgets.
Tourism/Recreation – tourism/recreation area shall occupy 21.2952 hectares with existing facilities being improved. Industrial – industrial area is proposed to the increased to 1,110.7344 hectares (a 2,208.60%) increase to accommodate future industrial use. The industrial areas as reflected in the land use plan shall be in the barangays of Pugaro, a portion of Lipit Sur, Sapang, Calaocan and Babasit.
Road Right-of-Way – Area occupied by road right-of-way shall be 105.6360 hectares and increase of 2.92% to accommodate the proposed future road requirements.
Rivers/Creeks/Bodies of Water - Area occupied shall be 81.375 hectares with an easement of 3.0 meters for urban use and 2.0 meters for agricultural use.
INDUSTRYManaoag is still far from being an industrialized community. All the existing industries in the municipality are small-scale industries, although some of them are resource oriented, market-oriented. Except perhaps the Hind Sugar Central and the seven (7) poultry farms which is already labor-intensive employing a combined of 73 regular employees and hundred of casual and seasonal employees (the number of which reaches its peak during the milling season on the case of the Hind Sugar Central).
COMMERCE
Public Market: Commercial activity is brisk in the public market. Market days are conducted everyday but Sunday is the biggest so far due to influx of devotees coming from other towns. The public market is bounded on all sides by municipal roads occupying a lot area of about 0.7453 hectares. The Municipal Treasurer’s Office recorded an income from the public market and slaughterhouse of about P1, 699,233.10 for the calendar year 2001. Kaunlaran Savings and Loan Association (KSLAI) and the newly operating Rural Bank of Central Pangasinan provide banking services of the municipality.
SLAUGHTERHOUSE
The Slaughterhouse of Manaoag presently being used is located at the eastern part of the public market and has a total land area of about 200 square meters. It is within the market and commercial area and is near the residential area in the Poblacion. This old slaughterhouse cannot accommodate bigger volume of demand to its present situation. The national and local government has already invested funds for the purchase of the lot and construction of model slaughterhouse to the 10,000 square meters lot at Cabanbanan along the provincial road going to City of Urdaneta, which was some 4 kilometers away from the present site. The income coming from slaughterhouse for the year 2001 is P 147,000.00. TRANSPORTATION
The municipality’s road system classified in terms of administration of Provincial, Municipal and Barangay Roads. Provincial Roar with 18.570 kilometers of 18.74%. Municipal Roads with 7.583 kilometers or 7.6 and Barangay Roads with 72.966 kilometers or 73.61% of the total kilometers of Municipal Roads. Some 99.199 kilometers Provincial Roads have a right-of-way of 20.0 meters, municipal roads with 6.00 – 8.00 – 10.00 meters and barangay roads with 5.00 – 6.00 – 8.00 – 10.00 meters. Areas occupied by Provincial lRoads consists of 37.1400 hectares or 34.0% municipal road with 5,9810 hectares or 5.4% and barangay roads with 66.1530 hectares or 60.0% of 109.274 hectares of area occupied by the municipal road network. Road Type By Surface Pavement (Existing): The 41.307 kilometers or 41.70% is concrete paved, gravel paved with 49.233 kilometers or 49.70% and 0.360 kilometers or 0.30% is earth paved. It can be noted that almost 50% or 49.593 kilometers of the municipal road network is gravel/earth paved, an indication of development need for up-grading the surface pavement type.
Existing bridges and box culverts which are generally in good condition, with the exception of two (2) concrete box culverts located at Barangay Cabanbanan which are in need of up-grading into concrete bridges, a concrete box culverts located at Barangay Lipit Sur which is in need of repair, a steel truss/wood pavement (bailey bridge) located at Barangay Matulong also needs a total repair, to include the one located at Sitio Madriaga (Barangay Pantal). Bridges with a length of 100.00 L.M. or more are located at Barangay Inamotan (108.00 L.M.). Aloragat Bridge (110.00 L.M.), Sapang Bridge (100.00 L.M.), San Ramon and Baritao Bridge (100.00 L.M.). The Angalacan iBridge which connects Poblacion to Licsi and nearby barangays also needs repair, because of the flood in the year 1998 it produced holes in some portion of the bridge.
COMMUNICATION
The Postal Facilities: The Postal Office is located in the northern portion the ground floor of the municipal building occupies an area of about 20.0 square meters. The postal personnel processed an average of 487,452 incoming mails and 121,728 outgoing mails for the past two (2) years, respectively. The postal collection totaled to P412, 079.11 and postal payments reached to P540, 572.11.
The Telecommunication Facilities: The Telecommunication Office is also located at the ground floor of the Municipal Hall at its southern portion. It occupies approximately an area of 20.0 square meters. The Office equipped with an Icon Radio transceiver power supply, voltage regulator, battery, generator, TGH key, microphone, headphones and others.
Telephone: The Philippine Long Distance Co. (PLDT); The Digitel and Globe tower is strategically located at Poblacion area. The 3 towers has been catering telephone services for Manaoag since 1988 in the case of PLDT hence the lines did not enter in some barangays. The DIGITEL Telephone Company now operates its lines since 1997; its lines entered barangays which is the PLDT did not serve.
Cellular Phones: Cellular Phones had invaded the town for the past years and this mainly due to the in availability of Telephone Companies to bring its line to some barangays where numerous business are being maintained.
Handheld Radios: Numerous individuals own handled radios although only few of them are authorized holders. Manaoag has one locally based radio organization, which duly authorized the Civic Action Group (CAG), and licensed by the National Telecommunication Commission.
POWER
Electric Power: The municipality’s power source is provided by the Dagupan Electric Corporation (DECORP) and the Panelco III. All the 26 barangays are now electrified even the remote sitio’s had been fully electrified.
WATER
Water supply and Waterworks System: Out of 26 barangays of Manaoag, there are 12 barangays in the municipality being served by the Manaoag Water District. Majority of the households of the municipality get their water supply from tubed/piped deep/shallow wells wherein as of 1995, there are 88 deep wells and 4,598 shallow wells in the municipality.
SHELTER
Based on the 1990 NCSO record, there were 7,791 dwelling units within the municipality against 8,040 households, the difference is around 249 is termed as the number of double-up households.
HEALTH
There is one (1) hospital in Manaoag. The Manaoag Community Hospital and/or Speaker Eugenio Perez Memorial Hospital located at Barangay Baritao, some 1.0 kilometer southwest of Poblacion. Some residents go to Dagupan City or Urdaneta City for complex medication. The Manaoag Community Hospital is handled by three (3) doctors headed by the Chief of Hospital, six midwifes, three (3) nurses, a pharmacist, a dentist and other health co-workers.
There are six (6) privately owned medical clinics, five (5) dental clinics, one (1) optical clinic and seven (7) drugstores. All these are located in the Poblacion area. The municipality has an ambulance and it has equipped with life saving devices and also the Manaoag Community Hospital has an ambulance that may be used in cases of emergency.
There is only one (1) Rural Health Unit located in the Poblacion area. The RHU covers all the 26 barangays. It is being maintained and run by the Municipal Health Officer and assisted by a routine of health personnel - a public health nurse, two (2) sanitary inspectors, a dentist, a dental aide, nine (9) public health midwives and other health workers.
The Barangay Health Centers in various barangays also caters health needs to the community. It is run and managed by the Barangay Health Workers as volunteers, under the supervision of the Rural Health Midwives of the Rural Health Unit. There are fifteen (15) barangay health centers in the municipality located in the barangays of Poblacion, San Rmon, Cabanbanan, Oraan East, Matulong, Baguinay, Lelemaan, and Inamotan, Babasit The ten (10) leading causes of morbidity for the last five years (1990-1994) are Acute Respiratory Infection, Anemia, Nutritional Deficiency, Skin Problem, Gastro Intestinal Disorders, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Parasitism, Injuries, Influenza, and the rest will be recorded in different illness like Bronchitis, Amoebiasis and Dysentery.
The ten (10) leading causes of mortality for the last five (5) years (1990-1994) are Pneumonia, Hypertension, PTB, Cardiovascular Arrest, Cancer, Rheumatic Heart, Acute Gastroenteritis, Cardiac Failure, Old Age, and Severe Dehydration.
HEALTH INDICATORS : 2004
Crude Death Rate (CDR) : Crude Birth Rate (CBR) : Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) : Morbidity Rate (MR) :
SANITATION
The Municipal government maintains a garbage collection system within and around the market area. It employs sweepers and utility workers working 12 hours a day to maintain cleanliness in the area. The waste and garbage are collected in the strategically located garbage receptacles around the market and entire Poblalcion vicinities while garbage collection truck regularly transport twice a day and eventually dumped to the municipal sanitary landfill located at barangay Pugaro where it is burned.
In the different households in the Poblalcion and other barangays, the compost pit type of discarding household waste is the most common practice. The more resourceful families use the compost to fertilizer backyard gardens or to supplement their farm inputs. The dumping method, which is an exposed piling of waste, is still being practiced by some households while others burn their garbage.
NUTRITION
Problem of nutrition is addressed to the Health Personnel from the Department of Health (DOH) the Rural Health Unit (RHU) who have been devolved to the Local Government Unit and coordinated assistance and cooperation from the Department of Social Welfare and Development. In like manner the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), also helps solve nutritional problems through their “Operation Timbang Program”. As of 2002, the municipality in general registered a total of 659 combined severely and moderately malnourished children against 10,503 eligible populations or a percentage of 6.0%. Baarngay Babasit registered the highest incidence of malnourished children with 22% or 197 against 909 eligible populations, while barangay Pantal registered the lowest incidence of malnourished children with 6 or 1% against 424 eligible populations.The municipality has a Nutrition Officer which is under the office of the Municipal Mayor conducts plans about “Nutrition Month” Celebration who coordinates with all other offices that concerns health and nutrition.
FAMILY PLANNING
There are NA 567 and CU 2679 family planning accepters using various methods of birth control for the year 1998. Among them are the leading methods are combination Pills, Condoms, Rhythm Method, Sterilization, Abstinence, Withdrawal, IUD and many others.
EDUCATION
The lone School District of Manaoag presently has sixteen (16) public elementary schools; four (4) public secondary schools, two (2) private elementary schools and one (1) privately owned secondary school. The biggest so far is the Manaoag Central School for the elementary and Manaoag National High School for secondary level both of them is located in the Poblacion more or less 500 meters from each other. These sixteen (16) public elementary schools and two (2) private elementary schools have 242 classrooms to accommodate the population in the elementary level, and one hundred fifty three (153) school teachers for the secondary level school year 1995 - 1999
Elementary
There are sixteen (16) elementary public schools and two (2) private elementary schools. The biggest so far is the Manaoag Central School in terms of enrollment and land area where the school is located. These eighteen (18) elementary schools have 242 classrooms to accommodate the population in the elementary level.
For the school year 1994 - 1995 there are 8,030 elementary enrollees including the two (2) private schools. As of school year 1994-1995, there were 237 schoolteachers in the elementary level. In the eighteen (18) elementary school with a total of242 classrooms and 8,030 enrollees have an average ratio of one classroom per 34 students for the elementary level.
In the elementary schools the teacher-pupil ratio is 1:35, which means that there is one teacher for every thirty-five (35) pupils. The standard ratio for every teacher-pupil ratio is 1:40
Secondary
For the secondary education there are five (5) institutions, four (4) public secondary schools and two (2) private secondary school namely: Manaoag National High School, Baguinay National High School, Cabanbanan National High School, Lipit National High School and the private secondary school Holy Rosary Academy and Family Child Development Center. All these secondary schools have a total number of 103 classrooms to accommodate the population in the secondary level.
As of school year 1994-1995 there were 153 secondary school teachers for secondary education. There are 4,021 enrollees out of a total of 4,278 who ought to be in school or an enrollment participation rate (EPR) of 93.99%. This high EPR in both elementary and secondary level is attributed to the fact that many enrollees came from other municipalities like Laoac, San Jacinto, Mapandan and Pozorrubio.
In the secondary schools there are 103 classrooms to accommodate 4,431 enrollees in the secondary level with an average ratio of one classrooms per forty- three (43) students which is beyond the national standard for one (1) classroom per thirty – five (35) students.
The secondary level with an enrollment of 4,431 divided among the five secondary schools with 153 classroom teachers, registered an average ratio of one (1) classroom for every twenty-eight (28) students. The ratio is still within the national standard of one (1) classroom teacher per thirty-five (35) students for secondary level.
Completing the elementary and secondary education are the various Day Care Centers in the municipality who cater to pre-schoolers. The municipality at present has nine (14) Day Care Centers and under the auspices of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), headed by the Social Welfare Officer of the municipality.
The LGU takes care of the honoraria of the Day Care Workers and repair/improvement of this center. TERTIARY
The tertiary school in the municipality is Our Lady of Manaoag College and Colegio de San Camillo Educational System. Town residents/students who wish to continue with their college education can enroll to this school while the others go to different education centers in the province like in Dagupan City, San Carlos City, Urdaneta City, Lingayen and also in San Fernando City, Manila, Baguio City and other education centers in the country. KINDERGARTEN/PREPARATORY SCHOOLS
A recent development in Manaoag is the establishment of Kindergarten or prep schools. Almost all public elementary schools and private elementary schools have established. There are five (7) privately owned pre-elementary schools are the Manaoag Children Learning Center, Manaoag Adventist Multigrade School, Family Child Development Center, Holy Rosary Academy and the Golden Seeds Guidance Montessori School, St. Camillus Children Center, Our Lady of Manaoag Integrated Learning Center..
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
There is one non-formal education coordinator assigned to the lone district of Manaoag and one Community Training and Employment Coordinator. The main task is to implement the literacy program and skilled upgrading partly funded by the LGU in coordination with the DECS, DSWD, DOLE, DA, NMYC, NGO’s and PO’s by providing skills training in livelihood for the adults and out-of-school youths. Some of these skills training are cosmetology, carpentry, motor rewinding, practical electricity, small engine repair, dressmaking, bag/slipper making and others.
RECREATION
Residents of Manaoag have a very high interest in sports. Because of this interest the Local Government Unit of Manaoag, allocates P50, 000.00 every year coming from the Annual Budget. Just a couple of years ago, the Manaoag Sports Gymnasium was constructed with funds from Countrywide Development Fund (CDF) of House Speaker Jose C. de Venecia, Jr., to augment the lack of facilities where the Manaoaginians can hold both active and passive recreations like concerts, tournaments and other indoor activities. In the rural areas basketball is the most popular and instant choice among the youth.
This keen interest in active outdoor sports in general is best manifested by the fact that in practically all the 26 barangays we can find basketball courts. The Manaoag National High School grounds where you can find the tract oval, diamonds for baseball, softball, football, (soccer), and the basketball courts is the most convenient place in holding competitions. However, the public plaza, sports gymnasium, the Holy Rosary Academy grounds can also mobilize the holding of such affairs. The Camp Lt. Tito B. Abat has a lot of sports facilities like Tennis Court, Basketball Court, Social Hall, Pistol/riffle range, golf course but these facilities are only intended for military personnel.
There is no movie theaters nor bowling alleys in the municipality. People, who like these to see movies and enjoy other recreational activities, may have to go to Dagupan City or Urdaneta City. The Local Government Unit likewise with Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) the development of the youth in sports is their major concern. There is no permanent associations except perhaps the Barangay Basketball Associations which are “on-and-off” basketball leagues that stay organized only during the tournaments or competitions and after that they are disbanded.
The Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) also have their own sports associations which they often tie-up with associations of the adults during sports derbies.
A rough count of the basketball associations during the Annual Town Fiesta of the year 1994 gave at least 21 temporary organized associations.
SOCIAL WELFAREThe delivery of Social Welfare Services is the main function of the Department of Social Welfare & Development (DSWD). The DSWD office in Manaoag is manned by three (3) personnel, the Social Welfare Officer, the Social Worker, and the Clerk Typist. These three (3) DSWD personnel are assisted by a group of Barangay Health Workers who are deployed town wide, and the Population Officer Designate.
The Office implements various programs like pre-marriage counseling, Self Assistance Program, Day Care Services, Supplemental Feeding, skills training, implementation of ALAY-LAKAD programs, and family planning.
PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Logically the source of data is the Philippine National Police (PNP) in the municipality with headquarters located in a squat edifice 15 meters away west of the municipal building.
As per data of crime incidence for the past five years, 626 crimes of different types were reported in the PNP Headquarters in Manaoag. Of these reported crimes, crimes against properties with 211, crime against morals and order with 126, other crimes with 21 and crimes against chastity with 15 incidences. The vehicular accidents registered a total of 245 incidences for the past five (5) years.
Despite of these incidents Manaoag is still considered as one of the most peaceful town in the province comparing to other towns.
To date the town has 32 policemen who always ready to deliver the basic protective services to the 54,743 inhabitants 2000 census population. The PNP personnel is short by 23 policemen if the standard ratio is to be followed is one (1) PNP man is to every 1,000 population as embodied in the PD 1184. Although the general peace and other situation in the municipality are very satisfactory, the existing protective services force has to be increased to lower the incidence of crime.
The PNP Manaoag is equipped with one (1) unit Patrol Car, One Unit Revo, Two (2) unit Communication Set Base, Two (2) unit Handheld Radio, Twenty two (22) units short firearms Cal. 38 Pistol, three (3) units short firearms Cal. 45 Pistol, Four (4) units long firearms M16 Rifle and Four (4) units firearms Shotgun.
FIRE PROTECTION
The Buraeu of Fire Protection upon acquiring one (1) unit Fire Truck, tools and accessories from the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), on August 14, 1992 resume its operation immediately and registered eight (8) -fire incidences since its operation. Three (3) fire incidents recorded in 1993 with an aggregate estimated damages ranging from P4, 270,000.00 more or less. In the succeeding year, five (5) fire incidents was recorded with an estimated damages of P390, 000.00 more or less, and the cause of these fire incidents are negligence and accidental in nature.
In times of fire six (6) personnel from the Bureau of Fire Protection are available 24 hours a day to respond to any calls within and outside the municipality. A total of nineteen (19) Firemen are still needed to meet the standard ratio of 1:2000, this means that one (1) fireman is serving 2,000 people, under P.D. 1184 The Bureau of Fire Protection is equipped with one unit fire truck and accessories and one (1) unit of fire extinguisher. There is a need for additional equipments to ensure adequate fire protection services.
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Management and Sources of Municipal Revenues
The Municipality of Manaoag derives its revenue from different sources. A large percentage of revenue, however, comes from taxation and operations. It will be noted in the increased of revenue due to the local government massive tax campaign and information drives.
In the year 2004, the municipality has realized a total income of P51,650,250.00 as distributed as follows:
1. Tax Revenue - P45,739,468.50 (Including IRA)
2. Operating & Miscellaneous Revenue - P 5,910,781.50 & Government Business Operation
B.EXPENDITURES
In 2004, the municipality incurred expenditures amounting to P 48,845,512.18. Out of this amount P 30,705,950.08 was spent for personal services. And the rest was spent for Maintenance and Other Operating expenses and resecution of projects in the amount of P18, 139,562.10.
ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY AND RELATED INSTITUTIONS
Local Administrative:
Oraganization and Management ---- The existing organizational structure of the municipal government of Manaoag consist of fourteen (14) major offices uncluding those offices whose functions were devolved to the municipal government, namely: Office of the Municipal Mayor, Office of the Presiding Officer, Office of the Sangguniang Bayan, Office of the Sangguniang Bayan Secretary, Office of the Municipal Treasurer, Office of the Municipal assessor, Office of the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator, Office of the Municipal Budget Officer, Office of the Municipal Accountant, Office of the Municipal Engineer, Office of the Municipal Health Officer, Office of the Municipal Civil Registrar, Office of the Municipal Agriculturist, Office of the Municipal Social Welfare Officer. The powers, duties and composition of these major offices are:
OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL MAYOR
The Municipal Mayor is the Chief Executive of the town. Among the duties and responsibilities of the Municipal Mayor is:
1.Exercise control, supervision and manages all municipal affairs. Under the Municipal Mayor there are twenty nine (40) permanent employees, one (1) elective, four (3) Co-Terminous, Two (2) Temporary, Twenty seven (33) Casuals, Seven(7) Contract of Service, and nine (9) vacant position, Thirty nine (39) job order a total of 134 employees under municipal mayor.
OFFICE OF THE SANGGUNIANG BAYAN
The Sangguniang Bayan is the legislative body of the municipality. It enacts ordinances; approve resolutions and appropriate funds for the general welfare of the municipality and its inhabitants and in the proper exercise of the corporate powers of the municipality. The Sangguniang Bayan hold its regular session every Monday as fixed, and held a special session as the need arises.
It’s composed of the Vice-Mayor who is the Presiding Officer, eight (8) members elected at large, the Sangguniang Kabataan Representative, and the President of the Association of Baranngay Captain.
The Office of the Sangguniang Bayan has eleven (11) elective officials, five (5) permanent employees, and one (1) temporary, a total of seventeen employees.
OFFICE OF THE VICE-MAYOR
The Municipal Vice-Mayor is the Presiding Officer of the Sangguniang Bayan. Sign all warrants drawn on the Municipal Treasury for all expenditures appropriated for the operation of the office and sangguniang bayan;
Subject to Civil Service law, rules and regulations, appoints all officials and employees of the Sangguniang Bayan, except those whose manner of appointment is specifically provided in this Code;
Assume the office of the Municipal Mayor for the unexpired term of the latter in the event of permanent vacancy as provided for in Section 44, Book I of this Code;
And exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance.
The Office of the Vice-Mayor has three (3) co-terminous, two (2) casuals and two (2) contract of service.
OFFICE OF THE SANGGUNIANG BAYAN SECRETARY
The Secretary to the Sanggunian shall take charge of the office of the Secretary to the Sanggunian and shall:
Attend meetings of the Sanggunian and keep a journal of proceedings;
Keep the seal of the local government unit and affix the same with his signature to all ordinances, resolutions and other official notes of the sanggunian and present the same to the presiding office for his signature;
Forward to the Mayor, for approval, copies of (duly approved) ordinances enacted by the sangguniang and duly certified by the presiding officer;
Forward to the Sangguniang Bayan concerned copies of duly approved ordinances;
Furnish upon request of any interested party certified copies of records of public character in his custody, upon payment of treasurer of such fees as may be;
Record in a book kept form the purpose, all ordinances and resolutions enacted or adopted by the Sanggunian with the dates of passage and publication thereof;
Keep his office and all non-confidential records therein open to the public during the usual business hours;
Translate into the dialect used by the majority of the inhabitants all ordinances and resolutions immediately after their approval and cause the publication of the same together with the original versions; Take custody of the local achievers and where applicable, the local library and annually account for the same;
Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance relative to his position.
E. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL TREASURER
The Municipal Treasurer shall be under the administrative supervision of the Municipal Mayor to whom he shall report regularly on the tax collection efforts in the local government unit. The Treasurer shall take charge of the treasury office, perform the duties as provided for under the law and shall;
Advise the municipal mayor, the Sanggunian, the other local government and national officials concerned regarding disposition of local government funds and such other matters relative to public finance;
Take custody and exercise proper management of the funds of the local government unit concerned;
Take charge of the disbursement of all local government funds and such other funds the custody of which may be entrusted to him by law or other competent authority;
Inspect private commercial and industrial establishment within the jurisdiction of the local government unit concerned in relation to the implementation of tax ordinances;
Maintain and update the tax information system of the local government unit.
The Municipal Treasurer is assisted by the Assistant Municipal Treasurer, nine (9) Revenue Collection Clerks, one (1) Vacant Position and eight (9) Casual Employees, a total of (20) twenty employees in the Office of the Municipal Treasurer.
OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATOR
This office play a vital role in program identification and implementation necessities that it should be manned by the most competent and intelligent personnel the municipality can afford to hire. This office is the planning arm of the municipality and is headed by the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator. Among the functions of the MPDC are: Formulates integrated development objectives and policies for the consideration and approval of the municipal development council; the Sangguniang Bayan and the Municipal Mayor; Conducts continuing studies, researches and relevant trainings necessary to evolve plans and programs for implementation; Prepare Municipal Comprehensive Plans and other development planning document and integrates and coordinates sectoral plans of different functional groups and agencies; Analyze municipal income and expenditure patterns and recommends fiscal plans and policies to the Sangguniang Bayan and the Municipal Mayor; Exercise such other powers and perform such other functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance. The MPDC is assisted by the Planning Assistant I, (1) one Clerk II, One (1) Casual and one (1) vacant positions. The Budget Officer exercises general supervision over the municipal budget. The Municipal Budget Officer shall take charge of the office and shall:Prepare forms, orders, circulars embodying instruction on budgetary and appropriation matters for the signature of the Municipal Mayor; OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL ASSESSOR The Municipal Assessor shall take charge of the Assessor’s Office and shall perform the following: OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL ACCOUNTANT The Office is manned by a Municipal Accountant who takes charge of both the accounting and internal audit services of the municipal government unit. Install and maintain an internal audit system in the local government unit concerned; J. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL ENGINEER
This Office is manned by the Municipal Engineer, One (1) Draftsmen and a Casual Clerk. He performs the following functions; the Municipal Engineer is concurrently the Building Official.
Takes charge of all surveying and engineering works of the municipality;
Prepares and submit plans, maps, specifications and estimates for infrastructure projects and other public works in the municipality; and supervise the same; Conducts general supervision and inspection of all private and other properties bordering on rivers and waterways of the municipality and issues permits for the construction, repair and removal of the same; Periodically inspects and reports the conditions of public property and public works to Sangguniang Bayan and the Municipal Mayor; Exercise such other powers and performs such other functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinances. The Municipal Civil Registrar takes charge of Civil Registration as required by the Civil Registry Law, the Civil Code and other pertinent Laws, rules and regulations. Moreover, she develops plans and strategies and upon the approval thereof by the Mayor, implement the same, particularly those which have to do with the Civil Registry Programs and projects which the Mayor is empowered to implement and which the Sanggunian is empowered to provide for under this Code. She also coordinates with the National Statistics Office in conducting various civil registry programs.
The Municipal Civil Registrar is assisted by two (2) Casual Clerks; it has one (1) vacant position.
L. OFFICE OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OFFICER
To date Office of the Human Resource Management has no HRMO the duties of the HRMO is performed by the Human Resource Management Assistant (HRMA). She takes charge of the recruitment of personnel, preparation and keeping of all records like the Personal Data Sheets, Application for Leaves and Absences, Performance Evaluation Sheets and Plantilla of Personnel. She likewise supervises the processing of Appointment papers, computation of leave credits and retirement benefits. Moreover, she reviews the daily time records and payroll of all department of the municipality. The Human Resource Management Officer is assisted by the Human Resource Management Assistant.
M. OFF ICE OF THE MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICER
The Municipal Health Officer acts as a Medico Legal Officer and serves as a Clinician of the Municipality. He is also in-charge of Administering Rural Health Services in the locality by providing environmental health services. Furthermore, he exercises general supervision of a hygienic and sanitary condition in the locality. The Municipality has one (1) Rural Health Unit and is headed by the Municipal Health Officer and he is assisted by eight (9) midwives, a Dentist, a Dental Aide, and one (1) nurse, and sanitary inspectors. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL AGRICULTURE OFFICER
The Municipal Agriculture Officer supervise, coordinates and monitors the implementation of Agricultural Development Plans, programs and projects in accordance with the basic needs, resources and potentials of the municipality. He further provide technical assistance to the Municipal Agricultural Council and the Municipal Development Staff in the preparation and operationalization of an Integrated Development Programs for the municipality and conducts seminars, trainings, conferences, to disseminate the latest Agricultural Technology to clientele. He is aided by one (1) Aquaculturist and fourteen (14) Agricultural Technologies. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL SOCIAL WELFARE & DEVELOPMENT OFFICER
The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer formulates measures, develop plans and provide technical assistance in relation to the delivery of basic social welfare services. She is also responsible in identifying the basic needs of the poor, disadvantaged and the impoverished to develop and implement measures to alleviate their problems and improve their existing conditions. She also provides the relief and appropriate crisis intervention for victims of abuse and exploitation and recommends appropriate measures. Moreover, she assists the Municipal Mayor in implementing welfare programs for the disabled, elderly and victims of drug addiction, the rehabilitation of prisoners and parolees, the prevention of juvenile delinquency and such other activities which would eliminate or minimize the ill effects of poverty. Likewise, she initiates and supports youth and welfare programs that will enhance the role of the youth in nation building. The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer is assisted by her Social Worker I and Casual Clerk..
P. OTHER OFFICES (NATIONAL)
National agencies operating in the municipality have their respective offices within the municipal hall compound. These are the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Municipal Trial Court (MTC), Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), Commission on Election (COMELEC), Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), TELECOM, the Philippine Postal Corporation, the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Fire Protection Office.
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