TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

The topography of Manaoag has much to do with its climate.  Its generally hot temperature is mainly due to its elevation and pre-dominantly flat terrain and hilly contours.

1. SOILS

San Manuel Slit Loam

San Manuel Slit Loam occupies an area of 5,321.82 hectares or 93.10% of the municipal land area.  This is found to the barangays of Lipit Norte, Lipit Sur, Sapang, Pao, Tebuel, Nalsian, Licsi, Bucao, Pantal, Cabanbanan, Oraan East, Oraan West, Matulong, Baguinay, Sta. Ines, Lelemaan and Inamotan.

Bantog Clay Loam

Bantog Clay Loam occupies 268.66 hectares or 4.7% found in the following barangays of Babasit, Bisal, Baritao, Pantal, San Ramon, Oraan West, Orran East, Parian and Matulong.

San Fabian Clay Loam

San Fabian Clay loam occupies 125.76 hectares or 2.2% found in the following barangays of Pugaro, Lipit Sur, Poblacion, Babasit, Sapang and Calaocan.

1. NATURAL AND MAN-MADE RISK AREA

The areas of natural hazards are the barangays along the riverbanks.  Such hazards are the flooding and/or erosion of rivers/riverbanks due to heavy rains during the rainy season.  However, the root cause of the river swelling is the denudation of forest and the main effects of flooding is the lost of houses and even lives in some cases.

Man-made hazards within the municipality is that caused by the Hind Sugar Central and Poultry Farms, this falls under pollutive establishments.  However, liquid waste diverted to creek and rivers endangered aquatic lives.  Air pollution is most common effects to the adjacent barangays.  Aside from Hind Sugar Central, the mine tailings of the Benguet Mining Firm, also one of the factor of the heavy siltation of river bed.

1. HISTORICAL GROWTH OF POPULATION

The first census conducted within the municipality in 1903, a population of 16,793 was recorded.  This population steadily increased from year to year to 22,279 in 1918; 29,030 in 1919; 34,304 in 1948; 41,164 in 1970; 48, 450 in 1975; but experience abrupt decrease in 1980 by 11,708 as a result of the separation of Laoac in 1980 to form the new town of Laoac pursuant to Batas Pambansa Blg. 18 and R.A. 6485.  This left the town of Manaoag with a population of only 36,742 or roughly 65.62% to the total population.

In 1990, the town registered a total population of 45,339.  This registered an increase of 8,597 compared to the population in 1980.  This increase and represent an annual average growth rate of 2.17%; 2.01%; 1.08%; -4.8% and 2.34% respectively.

In 1995, the town registered a total population of 49,705. In 2000 NCSO, the town registered a total population of 54,743. This registered an increase of 5,038 compared to the 1995 Census of Population.

7.1 Urban/Rural Population Distribution

Based on the 2000 Census year, 7,409 of the municipal population stayed within the urban area and the rest of 47,334 are evenly dispersed among the 24 rural barangays.

7.2 POPULATION DENSITY

MUNICIPAL - with   municipal population of 54,743 based on the 2000 census and a total land area of 5,716.24 hectares, the municipality in general has a population density of 9.58 persons per hectare.

URBAN - The metro area of the town which is composed of Poblacion and Calaocan has an aggregate land area of 175.68 hectares.  With its population of 7,409 a population density of 42.17 persons per hectare.

RURAL – In 2000, 24 barangays comprising the rural areas had a total population of 47,334 over a land area of 5,540.56 hectares, a population density of 8.54 persons per hectare.

7.3 AGE/SEX GROUP

BROAD AGE GROUP – Based on the 1995 census, population of 6,245 belonged to the 10-14 group; 5,420 belonged to the 15-19 age group; 4,360 belonged to 20-24 age group; 3,682 included in the 25-29 age group; 3,286 belonged in the 30-34 range of age group; 2,889 belonged to 35-39 age group; 2,365 persons belonged to 40-44 age group; 2,090 persons belonged 45-49 age group; while 1,577 persons belonged to 50-54 age group;1,287 persons belonged to 55-59 age group; 1,048 persons included in the 60-64 age group; 766 persons included in the 65-69 age group; 713 persons belonged to 70-74 age group; 422 persons belonged also to 75-79 age group; 311 persons belonged to 80-84 age group; and 213 persons belonged in the 85 and over age group.

SEX RATIO – The 1995 population of the municipality of 49,705, the males 25,129 and 24,576 were females, the males outnumbered the females by 553.

NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS – Based on the 2000 census, Manaoag registered a total of 10,563 households in which 1,405 or 13.30% are in the urban area while 9,958 or 86.7% are in the rural areas.  The average household size of the municipality in general is 5.5 persons per households.  Poblacion registered the greatest number of households with 1,070 while Parian registered the smallest number of households with only 53.

MOTHER TONGUE/LANGUAGE SPOKEN – As of 1995, based on the data provided by NCSO Pangasinan was the mother tongue of the locality as there were 59.19% speaking the dialect.  Ilocano was spoken by 37.33% of the total population while Tagalog was spoken by 3.01% of the entire population.

MARITAL STATUS – Based on the 2000 National Statistics Office survey results a total of 18,574 persons were single; 18,958 persons were married; 2,090 persons were widowed; 315 persons were either divorced/separated and 1,087 persons were Common-Law/Live-in and 290 persons were not stated.

ECONOMIC SECTOR/AGRICULTURE

LAND AREA – Manaoag is predominantly an agricultural community of 26 barangays with a total land area of 5,716 .24 hectares wherein about 3.056 hectares are utilized as croplands.  Irrigated rice lands consists of 1,121 hectares or 36.68% of 3,056 hectares, 1,139 hectares are lowlands rainfed areas and about 796 hectares are uplands.

CROP TYPES – most usually, the whole of the 3,056 hectares devoted to agriculture are planted to rice during the first cropping covering the period of June to September. During the second cropping covering the period from October to January only the irrigated area of 1,121 hectares are planted with rice, the rainfed and upland areas are planted to different crops notably corn, tobacco, peanuts, root crops and many other.

EXISTING/POTENTIAL IRRIGATION FACILITIES – The Angalacan and Aloragat River is the potential source of any additional irrigation facility, together with the numerous creeks within the municipality.

PRODUCTION – In 1995, the average rice yields per hectares was 5.0 metric tons in the irrigated areas; 3.98 metric tons in the rainfed areas; and 3.0 metric tons in the upland areas.  The total production of all these areas in 1995 was 11.880 metric tons or 11,880,000 kilos.  This production has a total peso value of roughly P142, 560,000.00 for main/first cropping while in the second cropping the total production was 4,439.00 metric tons or 4,439,000 kilos with a total peso value of P53, 268,000.00.

LAND USE – The existing general land use in the municipality as follows:

Urban   (Poblacion & Calaocan) -        175.8000            has.     (3.07%)

Residential -        267.2600            has.     (4.68%)

Agricultural - 4,997.3401            has.     (87.42%)

Commercial -           0.1500              has.     (0.01%)

Institutional -         31.9460              has.     (0.56%)

Agro-Industrial - 8.568276           has.     (0.15%)

Bodies of Water - 81.3750              has.     (1.42%)

Special Use -          2.851724           has.     (0.05%)

Road Right-of-Way - 102.6360               has.     (1.79%)

Industrial - 48.1129                has.     (0.84%)

Garbage Dump -        0.2000                 has.     (0.01%)

GENERAL LAND USE PLAN – The general land use plan refers to the whole municipality.

A.  Agricultural Area – The present agricultural lands of 4,997.34 hectares only 3.056 hectares is devoted to croplands or productive agricultural lands, the difference of lands/orchard lands which in these study still fall under the agricultural lands.

As being envisioned that Manaoag will become an industrialized municipality as being manifested in the Provincial Land Use Plan, the present agricultural lands of 4,997.34 hectares shall be decreased by about 22.11% to 3,892.3233 hectares an allocation for future industrial uses and shall be fully developed with the introduction of modern methods of farm production and support facilities congruent to agricultural production.

B. Residential – With a projected increase in population, which will require an allocation for shelter, some open spaces have to be converted to residential use, hence residential use shall occupy 282.60 hectares.

Institutional – the institutional area shall be remained to 31.946 hectares with existing facilities being retained and improved.

Agro- Industrial  - shall occupy 8.5682 hectares with existing facilities being retained and be provided by proper pollution gadgets.

Tourism/Recreation – tourism/recreation area shall occupy 21.2952 hectares with existing facilities being improved.

Industrial – industrial area is proposed to the increased to 1,110.7344 hectares (a 2,208.60%) increase to accommodate future industrial use.  The industrial areas as reflected in the land use plan shall be in the barangays of Pugaro, a portion of Lipit Sur, Sapang, Calaocan and Babasit.

Road Right-of-Way – Area occupied by road right-of-way shall be 105.6360 hectares and increase of 2.92% to accommodate the proposed future road requirements.

Rivers/Creeks/Bodies of Water - Area occupied shall be 81.375 hectares with an easement of 3.0 meters for urban use and 2.0 meters for agricultural use.

INDUSTRY

Manaoag is still far from being an industrialized community.  All the existing industries in the municipality are small-scale industries, although some of them are resource oriented, market-oriented.  Except perhaps the Hind Sugar Central and the seven (7) poultry farms which is already labor-intensive employing a combined of 73 regular employees and hundred of casual and seasonal employees (the number of which reaches its peak during the milling season on the case of the Hind Sugar Central).

COMMERCE

Public Market:  Commercial activity is brisk in the public market.  Market days are conducted everyday but Sunday is the biggest so far due to influx of devotees coming from other towns.  The public market is bounded on all sides by municipal roads occupying a lot area of about 0.7453 hectares.  The Municipal Treasurer’s Office recorded an income from the public market and slaughterhouse of about P1, 699,233.10 for the calendar year 2001. Kaunlaran Savings and Loan Association (KSLAI) and the newly operating Rural Bank of Central Pangasinan provide banking services of the municipality.

SLAUGHTERHOUSE

The Slaughterhouse of Manaoag presently being used is located at the eastern part of the public market and has a total land area of about 200 square meters.  It is within the market and commercial area and is near the residential area in the Poblacion. This old slaughterhouse cannot accommodate bigger volume of demand to its present situation.  The national and local government has already invested funds for the purchase of the lot and construction of model slaughterhouse to the 10,000 square meters lot at Cabanbanan along the provincial road going to City of Urdaneta, which was some 4 kilometers away from the present site.  The income coming from slaughterhouse for the year 2001 is P 147,000.00.

TRANSPORTATION

The municipality’s road system classified in terms of administration of Provincial, Municipal and Barangay  Roads.  Provincial Roar with 18.570 kilometers of 18.74%.  Municipal Roads with 7.583 kilometers or 7.6 and Barangay Roads with 72.966 kilometers or 73.61% of the total kilometers of Municipal Roads.  Some 99.199 kilometers Provincial Roads have a right-of-way of 20.0 meters, municipal roads with 6.00 – 8.00 – 10.00 meters and barangay roads with 5.00 – 6.00 – 8.00 – 10.00 meters. Areas occupied by Provincial lRoads consists of 37.1400 hectares or 34.0% municipal road  with 5,9810 hectares or 5.4% and barangay roads with 66.1530 hectares or 60.0%  of 109.274 hectares of area occupied by the municipal road network.

Road Type By Surface Pavement (Existing):  The 41.307 kilometers or 41.70% is concrete paved, gravel paved with 49.233 kilometers or 49.70% and 0.360 kilometers or 0.30% is earth       paved. It can be noted that almost 50% or 49.593 kilometers of the municipal road network is gravel/earth paved, an indication of development need for up-grading the surface pavement type.

Existing bridges and box culverts which are generally in good condition, with the exception of two (2) concrete box culverts located at Barangay Cabanbanan which are in need of up-grading into concrete bridges, a concrete box culverts located at Barangay Lipit Sur which is in need of repair, a steel truss/wood pavement (bailey bridge) located at Barangay Matulong also needs a total repair, to include the one located at Sitio Madriaga (Barangay Pantal). Bridges with a length of 100.00 L.M. or more are located at Barangay Inamotan  (108.00 L.M.).  Aloragat Bridge (110.00 L.M.), Sapang Bridge (100.00 L.M.), San Ramon and Baritao Bridge (100.00 L.M.). The Angalacan iBridge which connects Poblacion to Licsi and nearby barangays also needs repair, because of the flood in the year 1998 it produced holes in some portion of the bridge.